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Overcoming Un-employment Crises |
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Current situation of Unemployment :
According to a study of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1.9 per cent in the decade of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment currently is 3.7 per cent. The ILO figures also show Bangladesh in the twelfth position among the top twenty countries in the world where unemployment is rising. The number of the unemployed in Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 million.
The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is feared that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60 million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2.7 million young persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas only about 0.7 million of them are getting employment. The number of the 'disguised unemployed' an economic erm meaning underemployed people or employed to a degree less than their potential, is some 32 per cent.The total civilian labour force of the country in 1996-97 was estimated at 42.97 million, of which 34.7 million were male and 8.27 million were female. These figures, however excluded the female labour force engaged in activities like poultry, livestock, paddy husking, preservation of food etc conducted in rural households and considered as domestic work rather than economic |
Overcoming the Crises of Un-employment.
Government Steps towards development of Employment Situation :
Within the broad framework of overall national development perspective of poverty alleviation and human resource development (HRD), and keeping in view the changing requirements, government plans towards improvements of the situation are as under : |
- Generate employment opportunities within and outside the country; raise
productivity of labour through skill development and upgradation of technology under the overall human resource development strategy of the government;
- Ensure fair wages, welfare and social protection of workers under the structural adjustment programmes adopted by the government;
- Accord higher priority on self-employment and set up a specialised employment bank to this end;
- Ensure access of women in vocational training and employment;
- Maintain industrial peace and a congenial atmosphere for domestic investment and also for attracting foreign investment;
- Develop informal sector as a residual source of employment for the growing unemployed work-force;
- Encourage private institutions/organisations to participate in imparting training for human development;
- Strengthen institutional capabilities by introducing indigenous and modern technologies;
- initiate steps to protect children from economic exploitation;
- Make legal reforms more effective for regulating private manpower recruiting agencies; and
- Strengthen the wage earners welfare fund at important overseas destinations of Bangladeshi workers.
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To achieve the above mentioned Plans, following strategies will be pursued during the Fifth Plan period:
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- Existing labour related laws, rules, regulations and directives will be reviewed and necessary modifications will be done in pursuing the sectoral activities;
- Special stress will be laid on elimination of child labour gradually and to protect children from economic exploitation and hazardous work;
- Emphasis will be given on determination of wages by bargaining between management and workers instead of through implementing award of the wage commission;
- Attempt will be made to utilise the non-government organisations as active development partners in generation of self-employment and welfare activities with thrust on women in development;
- In order to ensure participation of different segments of population in skill development training and self-employment activities, local government institutions at district, upazila and union level will be involved very effectively;
- Immigration will be encouraged, and in consultation with the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Home, efforts will be made to simplify the present immigration procedures;
- existing licensing system of manpower recruiting agencies will be evaluated and reviewed in the light of experiences of the neighbouring labour exporting countries to open up manpower export trade for better competition and for eliminating the multi-tier middlemen operators;
- Steps will be taken to introduce exemplary punishment system for fraudulent activities and for extortionist practices in manpower export trade;
- The internal system of cautioning the Bangladeshi foreign job seekers about the unfriendly and adverse conditions in some countries will be strengthened and intensified;
- Steps will be taken through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to set up and operate worker's information and welfare centres/services in embassies at major overseas destinations of Bangladeshi workers;
- A study will be undertaken to ascertain the applicability and potential to collect wage earners remittances by the private sector at competitive exchange rates and float attractive bonds for investment of remittances in different fields of economic development such as agriculture, small scale industries and infrastructure building activities, etc.; and
- An employment bank will be set up for funding self-employment.
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